Megapixels (MP) – Higher isn't always better. 12–50MP is plenty for most users.
More MPs = larger file sizes and more cropping ability, but not necessarily better quality.
What actually matters more:
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Sensor Size: Larger sensor (e.g., 1/1.3") = more light = better low-light photos.
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Aperture (f/1.8 vs f/2.2): Lower number = more light = better night shots and background blur.
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Pixel Size (e.g., 1.4µm): Bigger pixels capture more light per pixel (older tech, still relevant).
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Image Stabilization: OIS (optical) > EIS (electronic) > none – essential for video and low-light shots.
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Processing Software: Strong computational photography (Google Pixel, iPhone) can outperform raw hardware specs alone.
Lens types explained:
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Main/Wide: Everyday use (most important lens – invest here).
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Ultra-wide: Group photos, landscapes, and creative angles.
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Telephoto: Optical zoom without quality loss (2x, 3x, 5x, or 10x) – great for portraits and distance.
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Macro: Extreme close-ups (often low-quality 2MP sensors on budget phones; skip if possible).